Human society divides the surface of earth into different areas, territories, and several geographical, economic, social and cultural units in order to find its location. These homogenous and polarized zones are known as regions. A geographical approach to humans' activities on earth can make their operations more systematized. Distinguished territorial frameworks facilitate the ordering of information that administrators, that is those who are responsible for land-use planning, need. The spaces where we organize our life should not be considered as simple localities. They are dwelling places that give identity to us. We feel at home in the country we evolve and begin to establish bonds between people we come to know so that, that very territory eventually dominates our relationship. Some places are endowed with particular signification. Their landscape and their monuments symbolize collective identities. They are marked by a culture that takes root over time and become later transmitted to coming generations. It is worth noting that traditionally, the physical characteristics such as geomorphology and climatology were very important to geographers in the definition of region. Nowadays however, the communication network constitutes the generative force of SPATIAL ORGANIZATIONs. In face of the dangers of global homogenization, men react and defend their long-held identities and seek to reestablish their attachment to familiar places and territories. In this light, they attempt to discover new ways to strengthen their affinity with living spaces.

Bishapur, a town in Fars, in the Sasanian period the administrative center of one of the five districts in the province of Fars that was built by Shapour.This essay tries to introduce and describe SPATIAL ORGANIZATION of Bishapur based on archeological founds. Main feature of this city has uncovered by A.-A. Sarfaraz in intermittent seasons between 1968 and 1978 he discovered and restored a temple devoted to Anahid and found part of the original northern city wall, where the river imposed an irregular boundary on the otherwise rectangular city plan.SPATIAL ORGANIZATION of city has four factors: territory, semi-independent wholes, structural elements and center (nucleus). These four factors has been studied in this city after review of concept of city in ancient Iran.

Housing researchers assume this issue more than just a human need for shelter and believe that culture is one of the main factors influencing its shape and form. But since culture is a complex and very general concept, it needs to be developed to measurable components such as lifestyle. Ignoring cultural and anthropological studies in recent years has reduced the satisfaction and loss of cultural identity in housing. Changing the way of life during different historical periods and the direct relationship with the shape and form of housing, enables us to study the impact of its impact on the housing in different historical periods. This paper follows the change of SPATIALity in Kerman housing through the study on the evolution of lifestyle changes. The descriptive-analytical method is the method of this research. Firstly, by library studies, subject literature and secondly by field studies, gathering of existing samples in Kerman city, including houses in Qajar period, first Pahlavi, second Pahlavi, early Revolutionary and later modernity has been achieved. Then, houses of each period have adapted physically based on interviews and questionnaires collected from their residents to determine the impact of lifestyle on physical structure. Finally, in order to draw a conclusion through analyzing the physical patterns based on the historical changes of lifestyle, the results show that the change of this factor has a direct and visible impact on the body of housing and lack of sufficient knowledge and studies in this field caused them not to be appropriate for users in the latest periods.

SPATIAL structure of a region, as a system, is the result of an ongoing process of space ORGANIZATION. In this way, the role of internal (climate, topography, land fertility etc.) and external factors (political and administrative factors, access etc.) were studied in the formation and development of the SPATIAL ORGANIZATION of Babol County from 1986 to 2011. So, primary indicators including city and centrality were studied to assess the relationship and differences between urban centers and its seven districts. The findings indicate that the political-official factors have the most prominent role particularly within the past decade. During the last four decades, SPATIAL ORGANIZATION of Babol County has been restructuring from center-periphery to the city area network (11 towns), but most of the activities and services of Babol County (more than 80%) were located in Babol City that represents primary city rule in this county.

Ghandijan is an archaic city from Sassanian era to the early Islamic period.Its remains are located in an area of approximately 600 hectares near a village called Sarmashhad in Dadin district in the southwestern part of Fars province. The ruins of this prestigious ancient city which are identified in the authors' investigation, includes Tell Khandaq, Bahram Caravanserai, Qizqala, Tell Naqarakhane and the single arched building, which are scattered in different parts of the city.Despite the importance of this ancient site and the wide range of cultural materials in its area, comprehensive and detailed studies have not been carried out regarding the shape and function as well as the SPATIAL ORGANIZATION of this city.In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the reason of Ghandijan formation in the Sassanid era and also its importance in the Islamic era. Also, questions about the characteristics of industries and productions, the state of ancient communication routes, the antiquity and use of ancient artifacts of this city must be answered.The analysis of the temporal and SPATIAL distribution of movable data in determining its antiquity, made it clear that the life of this city continued in the Islamic era from the era of the Rashidin Caliphs to the Khwarezmshahs and Atabakans of Fars.The old name of the city probably was “Kandigān” but another hypothesis is “Pandegān”. The early Islamic historians mentioned the name of Ghandejan as a city in Fars state. The context of the city located in the south of Iranian plateau near the coast of Persian Gulf. Sassanid cities were founded on specific styles. Firuzabad was the first City that was built by Sassanian kings in 224 C.E as The first capital of empire. Firuzabad is in rounded shape with regular and symmetrical circle and central core that consist a brick watch tower. The other style based on the ancient Roman cities modeling, The Hippodamus city planning. In Hippodamus style, city was built with four gates rectangular shape and two crossroads(Decumanus maximus, Cardo maximus). Inside the south west of Fars plain near the ruins of ancient city of Sarmashhad rounded moat remains from pre- Islamic period just like the Sassanid city style. The archaeological remains of Sarmashhad present an immigration in early Islamic period. The reason of abondanment is not clarified yet. The reason of Fundament of Ghandijan was SPATIAL situation and connection link of the plain between Bishapur, Darabgerd and Firuzabad to The Persian Gulf. The old roads of Ghandijan has shown the importance of tradeway to Sirāf port in coastline of the Persian Gulf. Sherds of pottery remained on surface of hills in plain. Analysis of pottery style and radiocarbon dating and petrography can represent chronology of the city. In our current studies, we consider all parts of archaeological evidence on the field. Sherds of potteries, mounds, architectural remains and satelite and aerial veiw considered to more provision evidence about the foundation of the city. The key research question is why Sassanian authorities chose this plain for construction of a new city?

Introduction In the past decade, planning at different levels, especially at the regional development, has experienced different ideas of ORGANIZATION of product activity. Industrial cluster concept on cooperation among manufacturing firms are proximity to one another. The trace of this concept can be found in the theories of industrial planning. It is what distinguishes the concepts, the impact of industrial clusters on various sectors of the economy, named economic planning; and to interact on regional SPATIAL development, named SPATIAL planning. Methodology Little attention has been paid by interdisciplinary scientists to this view of the industrial cluster; and researchers have been associated with regional development. This thesis is aimed to determine the role of industrial clusters in regional SPATIAL development and the role of SPATIAL development in optimizing the production of industrial cluster. Also, the attempt is to interact between physical, social, economic factors and SPATIAL development of regional industrial cluster. In general, industrial clusters within its definition set priorities on two concepts: 1. The geographical concentration of companies and institutions; and 2. Cooperation of product activities. So, companies, to achieve concepts, benefit values through activities of the production process. Michael Porter named it as value chain. These activities can generally be divided in two categories. The first category is called a primary activities, such as operations, marketing and sales, inbound/outbound logistic and services; and the second category is named support activities, such as procurement, technology development, human resource management, firm infrastructure Results and discussion Thus, the principal foundation of industrial clusters, resulting results in the value chain of operations in the value chain as primary activity and interacts to procurement, technology development, human resource management, firm infrastructure as support activities. Need to emphasize supply elements in mechanisms of growth changed regional growth models, and intra-regional flows of the resources (of capital and labor) are elements of the model. These models were developed in two main directions: 1. Focused on endogenous growth elements; 2. In addition to the resources of production (capital and labor), it seeks to engage the other factors of production, such as infrastructure and accessibility. Conclusion Thus, in the context of SPATIAL development of the region, the five processes that are named competitive, SPATIAL, social, interactive and endogenous processes production as space on the production of industrial clusters at region interact to in value chain. In strategic planning, SWOT is applied in regional SPATIAL planning that use on industrial clusters by three stages: 1. To decide the system of SPATIAL planning and its environment; 2. To develop a systematic framework for analysis; and 3. Proposal of possible strategic options. Within results of SWOT, strategy statement of regional SPATIAL development of Sari County based on industrial cluster provides a tool for guiding and restraining forces, trends and processes affecting the SPATIAL development. This statement contains a hierarchy of goals, objectives, and strategies, and policies. These are as alternative paths of action and attempt to provide the ideal model of regional SPATIAL planning based on industrial cluster.

A city is a socializing process that creates civilization, so mere physical formation and development cannot lead to the development of a town. Cities are a collection of interconnected organs formed by an identity community. The city is a cohesive and relative whole, each part plays an important role. Every sector plays its part in achieving a unique goal. In systematic analysis, the city consists of the elements that make up its SPATIAL ORGANIZATION. In Iran's traditional cities, for example, bazaars have formed a longitudinal structure along the direction of the town. In contrast, religious centers such as shrines and mosques have included circular designs in the middle of cities. As one of Iran's historical cities, Mashhad emerged in the 3rd century AH on the outskirts of the Toos and Tabaran villages. The development and expansion of Mashhad throughout history have always been affected by the town's religious center (the holy shrine of Imam Reza ). During the city's development, the sacred shrine of Imam Reza played a decisive role in how the city's SPATIAL ORGANIZATION was formed and changed. Since Mashhad's formation, urban development has always originated in the central zone. Consequently, a cohesive and homogeneous relationship with the surrounding environment has been a characteristic of holy shrines during the urban development. The city constituents always served this place, such as neighborhoods and access roads. Since the Safavid era, the continuous organic relationship between the center and other Mashhad Urban SPATIAL ORGANIZATION components has been broken due to fundamental changes in urban development plans and governmental interventions, which this study try to clarify. This study seeks to conduct a historical-analytical investigation of how Mashhad's broad foundation formed, changed, and contributed to the destruction of Mashhad's urban identity community within the region's constituent parts, including its center, structure, neighborhoods, and urban realm.

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A B S T R A C TThe right to the city in urban development goes beyond the physical form and, at the same time, has a mental and social meaning, which has been popularized in planning theory and urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents and the distinctive features of the space and believes that the right to the city can only be formulated as the right to the evolved and renewed urban life. Based on descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to SPATIALly analyze the components of right to the city in Bandar Abbas. Therefore, after collecting 77 subjective and objective measures around the research components, the multi-criteria decision-making technique of COPRAS has been exploited to integrate the data in the ArcMap Tools. The findings show that in the current state of urban development in Bandar Abbas, the right to the city in all its aspects, the right to ownership, the right to participation and the right to difference for the residents have been weakened and ignored. A share of up to 20.7% of the city space, which is mainly directed to the wealthy neighborhoods and parts of the central areas of the city, as well as parts of new developments, the right to the city has been more manifested, and in about 19.8% of the city spaces. Mainly applicable to informal settlements and slums of the city, this right has been undermined and ignoredExtended AbstractIntroductionThe right to the city as a physical, mental and social concept seeks a fundamental change in dealing with urban planning and development issues, which has been popularized in planning theory and urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents and the distinctive features of the space and believes that the right to the city can only be formulated as the right to the evolved and renewed urban life. In other words, this theory is a call for the priority of the consumption value of the city against its exchange value, which can only be pursued through the analysis of urban issues in the framework of the "city space" metaphor in the right to the city. It is a fundamental change in the city to create opportunities and space for citizens to meet and achieve their needs. MethodologyFrom a descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to SPATIALly analyze the explanatory components of urban development in Bandar Abbas from the perspective of the right to the city. In this research, by collecting 77 subjective and objective measures, the COPRAS multi-criteria decision-making technique has been used to integrate data in the ArcMap environment. Citizens are the source of mental data, official documents and maps are the objective data, and experts are the relative weight of the criteria. It should be mentioned that to guarantee the validity of the content based on the guidance of supervisors and advisors, the collective opinion of university experts and the use of similar studies were exerted. The reliability of the questionnaire was also tested by Cronbach's alpha method, and the value of the alpha coefficient (0.866) indicates the high reliability of the questionnaire. Results and discussionThe findings show that in the current state of urban development in Bandar Abbas, the right to the city in all its aspects, including the right to possession, the right to participation, and the right to difference for the residents, has been weakened and ignored. A review of the findings shows that the social function of the city's real estate and land, with a coefficient of 0.136, followed by environmental justice, with a coefficient of 0.131, has the greatest impact on the urban development of Bandar Abbas. On the other hand, socio-SPATIAL justice in the process of taking over space, with a coefficient of 0.106, shows the lowest level of influence in the development of Bandar Abbas compared to other components of the right to the city. The results show that about 20% of the area of Bandar Abbas city is in a very unfavorable situation compared to the components of urban development based on the right to the city approach. These areas of the city are spaces where the residents' right to the city has been severely denied, and they are deprived of taking over the city space.In this regard, the results show that 20.7% of the city's space, mainly focused on wealthy neighborhoods, parts of the city's central areas, and parts of Mehr's housing, has the right to a greater manifestation of the city. The city's space is more in line with its residents. As shown in the SPATIAL distribution of the urban development components of Bandar Abbas based on the right to the city approach, the possession of space through the right to presence, the accessibility of residents to the opportunities and resources of the city, as well as the fair distribution of facilities and services play a decisive role in urban development. However, as the results show, it is the difference that gives meaning to the urban space, and therefore the space must provide the conditions for the city to play a role in meeting the needs of all city groups. The requirement of this role is the central position of the residents in making decisions about the city space, which is a unique way to realize the right to the city. ConclusionAs Brenner states, the right to the city is a call to create "cities for people, not for profit." In this definition, urban development is more than a physical thing and has a mental and social dimension at the same time. In terms of the right to the city, the right to possession, the right to participation, and the right to difference form the trinity of urban development and the guiding light of these three principles that determine the quality of a different city. Unfortunately, urban development in Bandar Abbas has weakened and denied residents' rights. The zoning resulting from the SPATIAL analysis shows that about 19.8% of the city's spaces, which mainly correspond to informal settlements and poor neighborhoods, this right has been weakened and ignored. From the theoretical aspect of the right to the city, this event originates from the space as an economic and physical thing exchanged in the market, not a consumption thing formed by the citizens and in social interaction with the space. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.